Method of producing a low twist towel

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for producing a towel, specifically a low twist towel, comprising the following steps: Z twisting a thick yarn and separately Z twisting a fine count yarn; unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted yarns to make the volume of the thick yarn more than that of the fine count; weaving the yarn to produce a fabric; processing the fabric with hot water to reduce inner tension in the yarn and make the fabric become fluffy. Fabric produced by this method can solve the dependency on PVA, reduce energy consumption and material consumption, and prevent water pollution. This method for producing a low twist towel is environmentally friendly, healthy, and energy saving.

This application claims the benefit of priority to Chinese PatentApplication No. CN200710017170 filed Sep. 25, 2007, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the production of a low twist towelsuitable for daily use.

BACKGROUND

A low twist towel is classified as a high end product in the U.S.market. It is fluffy, soft, and super absorbent. The traditionalprocedure for producing such towels involves twisting a PolyvinylAlcohol yarn (PVA fiber) in the opposite direction of a cotton yarn sothat the resulting 2-ply yarn has a stronger tension in weaving. Inwoven fabric, the PVA fiber will dissolve in hot water at 85-90° C. Inthis manner, the twist of the yarn left behind after the PVA dissolvesis very low, resulting in a low twist towel. However, this processconsumes a large amount of PVA fiber (and is therefore not costefficient), and the PVA fiber released into the water causes pollutionand makes extra work for water processing plants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of producing a low twisttowel, comprising the steps of: (a) Z twisting a thick yarn andseparately Z twisting a fine count yarn; (b) unevenly S twisting theZ-twisted thick yarn into the Z-twisted fine count yarn, such that thevolume of thick yarn is higher than the volume of fine count yarn, toproduce a 2-ply yarn; (c) weaving the 2-ply yarn to produce a fabricthat is free of polyvinyl alcohol fibers; (d) contacting the fabric withhot water to reduce the inner tension of the yarn; and (e) producing alow twist towel.

In one embodiment, the thick yarn is a 16s-2s count yarn, preferably12s. In one embodiment, the fine count yarn is a greater than or equalto 60s count yarn, preferably 60s. The thick yarn and the fine countyarn may be cotton yarns. The weight ratio of thick yarn to fine countyarn in step (a) may be from about 3.5:1 to about 12:1, preferably 12:1.The volume ratio of thick yarn to fine count yarn in step (b) may befrom about 1.1:1 to about 1.3:1, preferably 1.2:1. In one embodiment,step (d) comprises contacting the fabric for about 20-60 minutes withhot water having a temperature of about 80-95° C., preferably 60 minuteswith hot water having a temperature of 85-92° C. In another embodiment,one or more of bleaching, dyeing, and final finishing may be performedafter step (d). For example, a bleaching step may comprise contactingthe fabric with a solution comprising NaOH and a fine finishing agent.For example, a final finishing step may comprise contacting the fabricwith a solution comprising a hydrophilic softener, such as SN-308crodamide ramification, 2.5-3.8% OWF or cellulose, 0.8-1% OWF.

The present invention also includes a high quality low twist towel madeby the process of the present invention, including a towel having a lintratio of about 0.08 to about 0.12%.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a new procedure that avoids the technicaldefects, waste, and environmental problems associated with traditionallow twist towel production. In particular, the present invention doesnot use PVA fiber in its process of making a low twist towel, which thusdecreases production costs, avoids water pollution, and helps protectand improve the environment.

A key feature of the unique process of the present invention is thespinning and twisting of the yarns, which ultimately produces asurprisingly high quality towel, especially in terms of hand feel,fluffiness, absorbency, bulky appearance, laundry performance, and easeof weaving. The process of the present invention includes the followingsteps:

(a) Yarn-spinning: Z twist a thick yarn (i.e., twist the yarn clockwise,in a similar direction as the letter “Z”), and separately Z twist a finecount yarn.

(b) Twisting Plied Yarns: unevenly S twist the two yarns together (i.e.,twist the yarns counterclockwise, in a similar direction as the letter“S”) to form a 2-ply yarn. An S twisted 2-ply yarn has, for example, atwist of 24-30T/10 cm. The volume of thick yarn should be higher thanthe volume of fine count yarn.

(c) Weaving: weaving is defined as the interlacing of yarns to form afabric, and is suitably performed using conventional techniques known inthe art. For example, weaving may be performed as follows: warp theyarn, perform sizing (to make the thread stiff to allow for weaving andstarching of the warped threads), put the beams onto a rapier loommachines, and use an air jet to push the filling thread across the loom.The loom carries the weft by using two rapiers, a giver and a taker. Thegiver takes the weft from one side of the loom to halfway and passes itto the taker, then the reverse procedure happens, and so on. The weft iscarried across on a jet of air. After weaving, the greige goods go intothe overflow dyeing machine for hot water processing.

(d) Hot Water Processing: this procedure is suitably performed usingconventional techniques known in the art. Preferably, the fine countyarn is twisted so that the thick yarn twisted with it is de-twisted toachieve the fabric's fluffy feature. The yarns do not need to besubmerged in hot water. For example, hot water processing may beperformed as follows: use a volume of water of 150-900 kg having adyeing stuff ratio of 1:10 to 1:13 (dyeing stuff ratio refers to theratio of fabric to the water and dye solution). Raise the temperature to80-90° C., process for 30-50 minutes, set the pH to 6.5-7.2 and therigidity to <120 ppm. After the overflow machine, the goods (i.e., thefabrics) are spun to shale off extra water; the goods are still damp.

Suitable fine count yarns include, for example, greater than or equal toabout 60s (preferably, 60s) count yarns (e.g., chiffonelle), yarnshaving a strength of about 165-180 CN, and yarns having a twist value ofabout 120-132 T/10 cm. An exemplary fine count yarn is count 60s, havinga strength of 165-180 CN and a twist of 120-132T/10 cm. Suitable thickyarns include, for example, about 16s-2s count (preferably, 10s or 12scount) yarns, yarns having a strength of about 580-640 CN, and yarnshaving a twist value of about 40-50 T/10 cm. An exemplary thick yarn iscount 12s, having a strength of 580-640 CN and a twist of 45-50T/10 cm.In one embodiment of the yarn spinning step, 12s cotton yarn is Ztwisted as 60s fine count yarn is Z twisted. In another embodiment ofthe yarn spinning step, the weight ratio of thick yarn to fine countyarn is from about 3.5:1 to about 12:1, preferably about 12:1 or in therange of about 3.75:1 to about 5:1.

In one embodiment of the twisting step, the volume ratio of thick yarnto fine count yarn is from about 1.1:1 to about 1.3:1. This ratioreflects the ratio of twisting the thick yarn into the finer yarn tocreate the 2-ply.

In one embodiment of the weaving step, the following parameters may beused: towel tensile: about 30-50 kg; ground tensile: about 280-320 kg;frame: about 274-278 mm pile, about 276-280 mm ground; angle: about300-320. Other suitable weaving parameters are known in the art and usedin conventional processes.

In one embodiment of the hot water processing step, the temperature ofthe water is maintained at about 80-95° C., preferably 85-92° C., forabout 20-60 minutes, preferably 30-50 minutes. It is preferable to add3-10 g/L penetrant (e.g., Penetrant T, JFC available from YingdiChemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China) to the water. The hot waterprocessing may be performed using, for example, a Fong's overflow dyeingmachine (volume 150-900 kg, dyeing stuff ratio of 1:10 to 1:13). In oneembodiment, the pH during hot water processing is adjusted to 6.5-7.2,and rigidity is set at less than 120 ppm. Hot water processing increasesthe twist of the fine yarn and decreases the twist of the thick yarn toproduce the low twist appearance of the fabric.

Additional steps may be performed after the hot water processing usingconventional techniques for low twist processing known in the art. Forinstance, bleaching, dyeing, and final finishing procedures may beperformed at this stage in the process. In one embodiment, bleaching isperformed by contacting the fabric with a solution comprising about 5-15g/L NaOH liquid and about 1-4 g/L reduced-alkali accelerant (e.g., 99.5%citric acid, 80% glacial acetic acid, or other chemicals that cancounteract the NaOH). Bleaching may be followed by use of a hydrophilicsoftener for final finishing. Another example of a bleaching solutionsuitable for use in the present invention comprises: 35% oxydol (4-6g/L), 30% NaOH (4-6 g/L), stabilizer (0.8-1.5 g/L), and fine finishingagent (0.8-1.5 g/L). In one embodiment, bleaching is conducted for 50minutes at 98° C. and at a pH of 11-12. The NaOH is used to remove oil,wax, and gel present in cotton fiber; sodium carbonate may also be usedfor this purpose.

In one embodiment, dyeing is performed by contacting the fabric with asolution comprising water, dyeing stuff, and dyeing chemicals; adjustingthe pH to about 10; heating at about 60° C. for about 30 minutes; andthen releasing water from the fabric. An example of a dyeing solutionsuitable for use in the present invention comprises: 99% salt (20-50g/L) and 99.5% sodium carbonate (5-15 g/L). Preferably, dyeing isperformed after bleaching. Dye stuff refers to the actual color, and dyechemicals refer to chemicals (e.g., salt and sodium carbonate) that aidin color absorption.

In one embodiment, final finishing is performed by contacting the fabricwith a solution containing SN-308 crodamide ramification, 2.5-3.8% OWF.Another suitable finishing solution is cellulose, 0.8-1% OWF. Finalfinishing is important as it produces a better look, better feel, andimproved softening in the final towel product.

The environmentally friendly procedure of the present inventioneliminates the dependence on PVA fiber in low twist towel production,reduces energy and material consumption, and avoids water pollution.Towels produced using the process of the present invention have thefollowing advantageous features:

1. fluffy, bulky appearance;

2. great absorbency; and

3. good laundry performance, including a lint ratio of about 0.08 toabout 0.12%, compared with 0.5 to 0.8% of conventional low twistproducts.

AATCC135, fibers that fall from a towel body during laundry, are anexample of “lint.” Lint ratio refers to a ratio of the weight of drylint to the weight of dry towel. A lint ratio may be measured by washingand drying a towel according to the care label and then gathering theproduced lint for weight testing.

EXAMPLES

The use of these and other examples anywhere in the specification isillustrative only, and in no way limits the scope and meaning of theinvention or of any exemplified form. Likewise, the invention is notlimited to any particular preferred embodiments described herein.Indeed, modifications and variations of the invention may be apparent tothose skilled in the art upon reading this specification, and can bemade without departing from its spirit and scope. The invention istherefore to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, alongwith the full scope of equivalents to which the claims are entitled.

Example 1

This example includes twisting thick and fine yarns in oppositedirections, weaving, hot water processing, bleaching, dyeing, finishing,sewing, etc. Specifically, the following steps were performed:

(a) Yarn-spinning: Z twisting 16s cotton yarn and Z twisting 60s cottonyarn; weight ratio was set to 3.5:1.

(b) Twisting plied yarns: unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarninto the Z-twisted fine count yarn at a volume ratio of 1.1:1. In thiscase, the fine count yarn de-twisted the thick yarn.

(c) Weaving: weaving the yarn to produce a fabric using conventionaltechniques known in the art.

(d) Hot Water Processing: the fabric was wetted with hot water set at85-92° C. for 30-50 minutes to reduce the inner tension of the yarn.

(e) Bleaching and Dyeing: the fabric was contacted with a solutioncontaining 5 g/L NaOH liquid and 0.8-1.5 g/L Fine Finishing agent at 98°C. for 50 minutes.

(f) Final finishing: the fabric was contacted with a solution containinga hydrophilic softener.

Result: the towel produced in Example 1 was easy to weave, but was anunsatisfactory product due to its unsatisfactory hand feel.

Example 2

(a) Yarn-spinning: Z twisting 12s cotton yarn and Z twisting 60s cottonyarn; weight ratio was set to 12:1.

(b) Twisting plied yarns: unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarninto the Z-twisted fine count yarn at a volume ratio of 1.2:1. In thiscase, the fine count yarn de-twisted the thick yarn.

(c) Weaving: weaving the yarn to produce a fabric using conventionaltechniques known in the art.

(d) Hot Water Processing: 3-10 g/L penetrant was added to water, and thefabric was wetted with the water heated at a temperature of 85-92° C.for 20 minutes to reduce the inner tension of the yarn.

(e) Bleaching and Dyeing: the fabric was contacted with a solutioncontaining 10 g/L NaOH liquid and 2 g/L. Fine Finishing agent at 98° C.for 50 minutes.

(f) Final finishing: the fabric was contacted with a solution containinga hydrophilic softener.

Result: the towel produced in Example 2 had good hand feel and loopstyle, but was an unsatisfactory product due to weaving limitations andlow efficiency.

Example 3

(a) Yarn-spinning: Z twisting 10s cotton yarn and Z twisting 60s cottonyarn; weight ratio was set to 8:1.

(b) Twisting plied yarns: unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarninto the Z-twisted fine count yarn at a volume ratio of 1.3:1. In thiscase, the fine count yarn de-twisted the thick yarn.

(c) Weaving: weaving the yarn to produce a fabric using conventionaltechniques known in the art.

(d) Hot Water Processing: 3-10 g/L penetrant was added to water, and thefabric was wetted with the water heated at a temperature of 85-92° C.for 30-50 minutes to reduce the inner tension of the yarn.

(e) Bleaching and Dyeing: the fabric was contacted with a solutioncontaining 15 g/L NaOH liquid and 4 g/L Fine Finishing agent at 98° C.for 50 minutes.

(f) Final finishing: the fabric was contacted with a solution containinga hydrophilic softener.

Result: the towel produced in Example 3 had good hand feel, was fluffy,had good absorbency, and was easy to weave.

Example 4

(a) Yarn-spinning: Z twisting 12s cotton yarn while Z twisting 60scotton yarn; weight ratio was set to 12:1. Thick Yarn Count 12s:Strength 580-640 CN, Twist 45-50T/10 cm in a Z twist. Fine Yarn Count60s: Strength 165-180 CN, Twist 120-132T/10 cm in a Z Twist.

(b) Twisting plied yarns: unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarninto the Z-twisted fine count yarn at a volume ratio of 1.2:1.Twist=24-30T/10 cm. In this case, the fine count yarn de-twisted thethick yarn.

(c) Weaving: weaving the yarn to produce a fabric using conventionaltechniques known in the art.

(d) Hot Water Processing: 3-10 g/L penetrant was added to water, and thefabric was wetted with the water heated at a temperature of 85-92° C.for 60 minutes to reduce the inner tension of the yarn.

(e) Bleaching and Dyeing: the fabric was contacted with a solutioncontaining 8 g/L NaOH liquid and 3 g/L Fine Finishing agent at 98° C.for 50 minutes.

(f) Final finishing: the fabric was contacted with a solution containinga hydrophilic softener—i.e., crodamide ramification, 2.5-3.8% OWF.

Result: the towel produced in Example 4 was surprisingly superior to thetowels produced in Examples 1-3. Of these examples, the Example 4 towelhad the best overall quality in terms of hand feel, fluffiness,absorbency, and ease of weaving.

All references cited and/or discussed in this specification areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety and to the sameextent as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference.

I claim:
 1. A method of producing a low twist towel, comprising thesteps of: (a) Z twisting a thick yarn and separately Z twisting a finecount yarn; (b) unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarn into theZ-twisted fine count yarn, such that the volume of thick yarn is higherthan the volume of fine count yarn, to produce a 2-ply yarn; (c) weavingthe 2-ply yarn to produce a fabric that is free of polyvinyl alcoholfibers; (d) contacting the fabric with hot water to reduce the innertension of the 2-ply yarn; and (e) producing a low twist towel, whereinthe thick yarn and the fine count yarn are cotton yarns; wherein thevolume ratio of thick yarn to fine count yarn in step (b) is from about1.1:1 to about 1.3:1.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thick yarnis a 16s-2s count yarn.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the thick yarnis 12s count yarn.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fine count yarnis a greater than or equal to 60s count yarn.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the fine count yarn is 60s count yarn.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the thick yarn is 12s count yarn and the fine count yarn is 60scount yarn.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of thickyarn to fine count yarn in step (a) is from about 3.5:1 to about 12:1.8. The method of claim 7, wherein the weight ratio is 12:1.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of thick yarn to fine countyarn in step (b) is from about 1.1:1 to about 1.3:1.
 10. The method ofclaim 9 1, wherein the volume ratio is 1.2:1.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein step (d) comprises contacting the fabric for about 20-60 minuteswith hot water having a temperature of about 80-95° C.
 12. The method ofclaim 1, wherein step (d) comprises contacting the fabric for 60 minuteswith hot water having a temperature of 85-92° C.
 13. The method of claim1, further comprising, after step (d), one or more steps selected fromthe group consisting of bleaching, dyeing, and final finishing.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the method comprises a bleaching stepcomprising contacting the fabric with a solution comprising NaOH and afine finishing agent.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein NaOH ispresent in a concentration of 5-15 g/L.
 16. The method of claim 13,wherein the method comprises a final finishing step comprisingcontacting the fabric with a solution comprising a hydrophilic softener.17. The method of claim 16, wherein the hydrophilic softener is selectedfrom the group consisting of: crodamide ramification, 2.5-3.8% OWF; andcomprises cellulose, 0.8-1% OWF.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein thelow twist towel includes a lint ratio of about 0.08% to about 0.12%. 19.A method of producing a low twist towel, comprising the steps of: (a) Ztwisting a thick yarn and separately Z twisting a fine count yarn; (b)unevenly S twisting the Z-twisted thick yarn into the Z-twisted finecount yarn, such that the volume of thick yarn is higher than the volumeof fine count yarn, to produce at least a 2-ply yarn; (c) weaving the atleast 2-ply yarn to produce a fabric; (d) contacting the fabric with hotwater to reduce the inner tension of the at least 2-ply yarn; and (e)producing a low twist towel, wherein the thick yarn and the fine countyarn are cotton yarns, wherein the volume ratio of thick yarn to finecount yarn in step (b) is from about 1.1:1 to about 1.3:1.
 20. Themethod of claim 19, wherein the thick yarn is a 16s-2s count yarn. 21.The method of claim 20, wherein the thick yarn is 12s count yarn. 22.The method of claim 19, wherein the fine count yarn is a greater than orequal to 60s count yarn.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the finecount yarn is 60s count yarn.
 24. The method of claim 19, wherein thethick yarn is 12s count yarn and the fine count yarn is 60s count yarn.25. The method of claim 19, wherein the volume ratio is 1.2:1.
 26. Themethod of claim 19, wherein step (d) comprises contacting the fabric forabout 20-60 minutes with hot water having a temperature of about 80-95°C.
 27. The method of claim 19, wherein step (d) comprises contacting thefabric for 60 minutes with hot water having a temperature of 85-92° C.28. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after step (d), one ormore steps selected from the group consisting of bleaching, dyeing, andfinal finishing.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the methodcomprises a bleaching step comprising contacting the fabric with asolution comprising NaOH and a fine finishing agent.
 30. The method ofclaim 29, wherein NaOH is present in a concentration of 5-15 g/L. 31.The method of claim 28, wherein the method comprises a final finishingstep comprising contacting the fabric with a solution comprising ahydrophilic softener.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein thehydrophilic softener comprises cellulose, 0.8-1% OWF.
 33. A method ofproducing a low twist towel, comprising the steps of: (a) Z twisting athick yarn and separately Z twisting a fine count yarn; (b) unevenly Stwisting the Z-twisted thick yarn into the Z-twisted fine count yarn,such that the volume of thick yarn is higher than the volume of finecount yarn, to produce at least a 2-ply yarn; (c) weaving the at least2-ply yarn to produce a fabric; (d) contacting the fabric with hot waterto reduce the inner tension of the at least 2-ply yarn; and (e)producing a low twist towel, wherein the thick yarn and the fine countyarn are cotton yarns, and wherein the weight ratio of thick yarn tofine count yarn in step (a) is 12:1.
 34. The method of claim 33, whereinthe thick yarn is a 16s-2s count yarn.
 35. The method of claim 33,wherein the thick yarn is 12s count yarn.
 36. The method of claim 33,wherein the fine count yarn is greater than or equal to 60s count yarn.37. The method of claim 36, wherein the fine count yarn is 60s countyarn.
 38. The method of claim 33, wherein the thick yarn is 12s countyarn and the fine count yarn is 60s count yarn.
 39. The method of claim33, wherein the volume ratio of thick yarn to fine count yarn in step(b) is from about 1.1:1 to about 1.3:1.
 40. A method of producing a lowtwist towel, comprising the steps of: (a) Z twisting a thick yarn andseparately Z twisting a fine count yarn; (b) unevenly S twisting theZ-twisted thick yarn into the Z-twisted fine count yarn, such that thevolume of thick yarn is higher than the volume of fine count yarn, toproduce at least a 2-ply yarn; (c) weaving the at least 2-ply yarn toproduce a fabric; (d) contacting the fabric with hot water to reduce theinner tension of the at least 2-ply yarn; and (e) producing a low twisttowel, wherein the thick yarn and the fine count yarn are cotton yarns,and wherein the weight ratio of thick yarn to fine count yarn in step(a) is 8:1.